Oracle allows you to rename existing columns in a table. Use the RENAME COLUMN clause of the ALTER TABLE statement to rename column i,e alter table rename column in oracle
Syntax
ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME COLUMN old_name to new_name;
Let’s see this example
SQL> CREATE TABLE DEPT_MASTER ( dept_nr NUMBER UNIQUE, dept_name varchar2(100) NOT NULL, dept_status NUMBER(1,0) NOT NULL, created_at date ); Table created. SQL> Desc DEPT_MASTER
Let’s rename the column now
SQL> ALTER TABLE DEPT_MASTER RENAME COLUMN DEPT_NR to DEPT_NR_NEW; Table altered. SQL>Desc DEPT_MASTER
Limitation and What is Allowed
(1) You cannot multiple rename in the single statement
Let’s see with the example.
SQL> ALTER TABLE DEPT_MASTER RENAME COLUMN DEPT_NR_NEW to DEPT_NR, DEPT_NAME to DEPT_N; 2 ALTER TABLE DEPT_MASTER * ERROR at line 1: ORA-23290: This operation may not be combined with any other operation SQL> ALTER TABLE DEPT_MASTER RENAME COLUMN DEPT_NR_NEW to DEPT_NR,COLUMN DEPT_NAME to DEPT_N; 2 ALTER TABLE DEPT_MASTER * ERROR at line 1: ORA-23290: This operation may not be combined with any other operation
So you get the ORA error when trying to include two-column in it. You have to execute separate statements to change the multiple columns.
ALTER TABLE DEPT_MASTER RENAME COLUMN DEPT_NR_NEW to DEPT_NR; ALTER TABLE DEPT_MASTER RENAME COLUMN DEPT_NAME to DEPT_N;
(2) You can rename the column even we have a primary key, constraint present on it.
It will automatically start pointing to the new column name
SQL> CREATE TABLE "EMP"
( "EMPNO" NUMBER(4,0),
"ENAME" VARCHAR2(10),
"JOB" VARCHAR2(9),
"MGR" NUMBER(4,0),
"HIREDATE" DATE,
"SAL" NUMBER(7,2) check(SAL > 1000),
"COMM" NUMBER(7,2),
"DEPTNO" NUMBER(2,0),
CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY ("EMPNO")
);
Table created.
SQL> alter table emp rename column EMPNO to EMP_NO;
Table altered.
SQL> desc emp
Name Null? Type
--- ---- ---
EMP_NO NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
JOB VARCHAR2(9)
MGR NUMBER(4)
HIREDATE DATE
SAL NUMBER(7,2)
COMM NUMBER(7,2)
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)
SQL> alter table emp rename column sal to salary;
Table altered
SQL> desc emp
Name Null? Type
--- ----- ----
EMP_NO NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
JOB VARCHAR2(9)
MGR NUMBER(4)
HIREDATE DATE
SALARY NUMBER(7,2)
COMM NUMBER(7,2)
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)
SQL> set long 2000
SQL> select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','EMP','SCOTT') from dual;
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP"
( "EMP_NO" NUMBER(4,0),
"ENAME" VARCHAR2(10),
"JOB" VARCHAR2(9),
"MGR" NUMBER(4,0),
"HIREDATE" DATE,
"SALARY" NUMBER(7,2),
"COMM" NUMBER(7,2),
"DEPTNO" NUMBER(2,0),
CHECK ("SALARY">1000) ENABLE,
CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY ("EMP_NO")
USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255
TABLESPACE "TOOLS" ENABLE
) SEGMENT CREATION DEFERRED
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
You can see from the previous example, check constraint get changed to the new column name, and also primary key also get changed to a new column
Let’s take another example with foreign key constraints also
SQL> CREATE TABLE "DEPT"
( "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2,0),
"DNAME" VARCHAR2(14),
"LOC" VARCHAR2(13),
CONSTRAINT "PK_DEPT" PRIMARY KEY ("DEPTNO")
)
Table created.
SQL> CREATE TABLE "EMP"
( "EMPNO" NUMBER(4,0),
"ENAME" VARCHAR2(10),
"JOB" VARCHAR2(9),
"MGR" NUMBER(4,0),
"HIREDATE" DATE,
"SAL" NUMBER(7,2),
"COMM" NUMBER(7,2),
"DEPTNO" NUMBER(2,0),
CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY ("EMPNO"),
CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO" FOREIGN KEY ("DEPTNO")
REFERENCES "DEPT" ("DEPTNO") ENABLE
);
Table created.
SQL> insert into DEPT values(10, 'ACCOUNTING', 'NEW YORK');
insert into dept values(20, 'RESEARCH', 'DALLAS');
insert into dept values(30, 'RESEARCH', 'DELHI');
insert into dept values(40, 'RESEARCH', 'MUMBAI');
SQL> insert into emp values( 7698, 'Blake', 'MANAGER', 7839, to_date('1-5-2007','dd-mm-yyyy'), 2850, null, 10 );
SQL> insert into emp values( 7782, 'Clark', 'MANAGER', 7839, to_date('9-6-2008','dd-mm-yyyy'), 2450, null, 10 );
insert into emp values( 7788, 'Scott', 'ANALYST', 7566, to_date('9-6-2012','dd-mm-yyyy'), 3000, null, 20 );
insert into emp values( 7789, 'TPM', 'ANALYST', 7566, to_date('9-6-2017','dd-mm-yyyy'), 3000, null, null );
insert into emp values( 7560, 'T1OM', 'ANALYST', 7567, to_date('9-7-2017','dd-mm-yyyy'), 4000, null, 20 );
insert into emp values( 7790, 'TOM', 'ANALYST', 7567, to_date('9-7-2017','dd-mm-yyyy'), 4000, null, null );
SQL>
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> ALTER TABLE DEPT
RENAME COLUMN DEPTNO to DEPTNO_NEW;
Table altered.
SQL> select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','EMP','SCOTT') from dual;
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP"
( "EMPNO" NUMBER(4,0),
"ENAME" VARCHAR2(10),
"JOB" VARCHAR2(9),
"MGR" NUMBER(4,0),
"HIREDATE" DATE,
"SAL" NUMBER(7,2),
"COMM" NUMBER(7,2),
"DEPTNO" NUMBER(2,0),
CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY ("EMPNO"),
CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO" FOREIGN KEY ("DEPTNO")
REFERENCES "SCOTT"."DEPT" ("DEPTNO_NEW") ENABLE
) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1
BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "TOOLS"
We can see from the previous example, the foreign key constraint starts to point to the new column name automatically.
(3) You can rename the column if you have the procedure, views on that table, and column.
But after the rename, these objects will become invalid and you have to modify the view and package to compile it. Let’s see this with an example
SQL> CREATE TABLE DEPT_MASTER ( dept_nr NUMBER UNIQUE, dept_name varchar2(100) NOT NULL, dept_status NUMBER(1,0) NOT NULL, created_at date ); Table created. SQL> create view dept_vw as select dept_nr,dept_name from DEPT_MASTER; View created. SQL> ALTER TABLE DEPT_MASTER RENAME COLUMN DEPT_NR to DEPT_NR_NEW; Table altered. SQL> select status from user_objects where object_name='DEPT_VW'; STATUS ------ INVALID SQL> alter view DEPT_VW compile; Warning: View altered with compilation errors. SQL> create or replace view dept_vw as select dept_nr_new,dept_name from DEPT_MASTER; View created. SQL> select status from user_objects where object_name='DEPT_VW'; STATUS ------ VALID
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https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28310/tables003.htm
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